{
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    "about": {
      "@type": "ChemicalSubstance",
      "chemicalComposition": "LiNbO3",
      "name": "lithium niobate"
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    "citation": [
      "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70766-0"
    ],
    "creator": {
      "@type": "Person",
      "name": "Wentao Jiang"
    },
    "description": "Dark conductivity of lithium niobate (LiNbO3): 1 provenance-tagged value(s) from 1 source(s) for variant(s) cln. Each value carries conditions, uncertainty, the source locator and a status code (P primary, P-comp compilation, P-db database, S secondary, V vendor, C computed).",
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    "identifier": "https://lithium-niobate.com/api/v1/properties/dark-conductivity.json",
    "isAccessibleForFree": true,
    "keywords": [
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      "LiNbO3",
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    "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "name": "LiNbO3 Dark conductivity",
    "url": "https://lithium-niobate.com/api/v1/properties/dark-conductivity.json",
    "variableMeasured": [
      {
        "@type": "PropertyValue",
        "maxValue": 1e-14,
        "measurementTechnique": "see source",
        "minValue": 1e-16,
        "name": "sigma_d (cln)",
        "unitText": "S/m"
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    "version": "0.1.0"
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    "api_version": "v1",
    "attribution": "lithium-niobate.com data compiled by Wentao Jiang; cite the original sources listed per value.",
    "count": 1,
    "data_version": "0.1.0",
    "documentation": "https://lithium-niobate.com/api/openapi.json",
    "license": {
      "id": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International",
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
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  "records": [
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      "category": "electrical",
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        "temperature_text": "room temperature, extrapolated from high temperature"
      },
      "default": true,
      "id": "dark-conductivity/cln/volk2008",
      "kind": "scalar",
      "max": 1e-14,
      "min": 1e-16,
      "name": "Dark conductivity",
      "notes": "Protonic conduction; activation energy about 1.1 eV (200-1000 C). 8-10 orders of magnitude below the 1.0e-6 S/m floor fitted in bouchy2022.",
      "property": "dark-conductivity",
      "provenance": {
        "locator": "Sec. 3.2.1, pp. 59-60 (1e-16 to 1.0e-18 Ohm^-1 cm^-1)",
        "source_id": "volk2008",
        "status": "P-comp",
        "transcribed": "2026-10-25"
      },
      "public": true,
      "symbol": "sigma_d",
      "unit": {
        "display": "S/m",
        "ucum": "S/m"
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      "variant": "cln",
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}