{
  "alternatives": [],
  "meta": {
    "api_version": "v1",
    "attribution": "lithium-niobate.com data compiled by Wentao Jiang; cite the original sources listed per value.",
    "data_version": "0.1.0",
    "documentation": "https://lithium-niobate.com/api/openapi.json",
    "license": {
      "id": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International",
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
    },
    "tensor": "piezo-stress-e",
    "variant": "cln"
  },
  "recommended": {
    "default": true,
    "frame": {
      "convention": "unstated",
      "handedness": "right",
      "setting": "crystal-physics",
      "x": "a axis, perpendicular to a mirror plane",
      "y": "in a mirror plane",
      "z": "polar c axis",
      "z_sign_definition": "not stated in this record; tensor form matches this frame by symmetry"
    },
    "full": [
      [
        [
          0.0,
          -2.407,
          3.655
        ],
        [
          -2.407,
          0.0,
          0.0
        ],
        [
          3.655,
          0.0,
          0.0
        ]
      ],
      [
        [
          -2.407,
          0.0,
          0.0
        ],
        [
          0.0,
          2.407,
          3.655
        ],
        [
          0.0,
          3.655,
          0.0
        ]
      ],
      [
        [
          0.328,
          0.0,
          0.0
        ],
        [
          0.0,
          0.328,
          0.0
        ],
        [
          0.0,
          0.0,
          1.894
        ]
      ]
    ],
    "id": "piezo-stress-e/cln/kushibiki1999",
    "independent": {
      "e15": {
        "uncertainty": {
          "type": "stated",
          "value": 0.022
        },
        "value": 3.655
      },
      "e22": {
        "uncertainty": {
          "type": "stated",
          "value": 0.015
        },
        "value": 2.407
      },
      "e31": {
        "uncertainty": {
          "type": "stated",
          "value": 0.032
        },
        "value": 0.328
      },
      "e33": {
        "uncertainty": {
          "type": "stated",
          "value": 0.054
        },
        "value": 1.894
      }
    },
    "kind": "tensor",
    "name": "Piezoelectric stress constants",
    "provenance": {
      "source_id": "kushibiki1999",
      "status": "P",
      "transcribed": "2026-10-25"
    },
    "public": true,
    "rank": 3,
    "scale": 1,
    "symbol": "e",
    "symmetry_form": {
      "form": [
        [
          "0",
          "0",
          "0",
          "0",
          "e15",
          "-e22"
        ],
        [
          "-e22",
          "e22",
          "0",
          "e15",
          "0",
          "0"
        ],
        [
          "e31",
          "e31",
          "e33",
          "0",
          "0",
          "0"
        ]
      ],
      "mirror": "x = 0 plane (x perpendicular to the mirror, z polar)",
      "point_group": "3m",
      "relations": [
        "e16 = -e22",
        "e21 = -e22",
        "e24 = e15",
        "e32 = e31"
      ]
    },
    "tensor": "piezo-stress-e",
    "unit": {
      "display": "C/m^2",
      "qudt": "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-M2",
      "ucum": "C/m2"
    },
    "variant": "cln",
    "variant_note": "SAW-grade congruent",
    "voigt": [
      [
        0.0,
        0.0,
        0.0,
        0.0,
        3.655,
        -2.407
      ],
      [
        -2.407,
        2.407,
        0.0,
        3.655,
        0.0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        0.328,
        0.328,
        1.894,
        0.0,
        0.0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "voigt_convention": {
      "full_from_voigt": "e_ijk = e_iJ, J = V(jk)",
      "order": [
        "xx",
        "yy",
        "zz",
        "yz",
        "xz",
        "xy"
      ],
      "shear_strain": "engineering"
    }
  },
  "recommended_note": null,
  "spread": {
    "e15": {
      "max": 3.655,
      "min": 3.655,
      "n_records": 1
    },
    "e22": {
      "max": 2.407,
      "min": 2.407,
      "n_records": 1
    },
    "e31": {
      "max": 0.328,
      "min": 0.328,
      "n_records": 1
    },
    "e33": {
      "max": 1.894,
      "min": 1.894,
      "n_records": 1
    }
  }
}
