Piezoelectric strain constants

Spread

d pC/N; one row per independent component

Each mark is one record; bars are stated ranges, whiskers stated uncertainties. Filled marks: P, P-comp, P-db; hollow: S, V, C, P(abs). Hover a mark for its source. Each row has its own axis; no mean or fit is drawn. Rotate any record into a cut: tensors and frame conventions.

Records

2 variants

Value	Unit	Variant	Conditions	Frame	Source	Locator	Status
d₁₅ 66.3805, d₂₂ 20.2979, d₃₁ −1.03662, d₃₃ 8.68973 default record	pC/N	Congruent LiNbO3 (CLN) SAW-grade congruent	–	crystal-physics; x: a axis, perpendicular to a mirror plane; z: polar c axis; sign convention unstated; +z: not stated in this record; tensor form matches this frame by symmetry	Kushibiki et al., IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 46 1315 (1999) derived: d = e s^E from the Kushibiki et al. 1999 e and c^E sets	–	C
Derived, not a published number. d15 66.4, d22 20.3, d31 -1.04, d33 8.7 pC/N. The hydrostatic d_h = 2 d31 + d33 from this set (about 6.6 pC/N) is within 5% of the measured 6.31 pC/N.
d₁₅ 69.2, d₂₂ 20.8, d₃₁ −0.85, d₃₃ 6	pC/N	Congruent LiNbO3 (CLN)	–	crystal-physics; x: a axis, perpendicular to a mirror plane; z: polar c axis; sign convention unstated; +z: not stated in this record; tensor form matches this frame by symmetry	Crystal Technology, Inc. (1999)	–	V
d₁₅ 69.2, d₂₂ 20.8, d₃₁ −0.85, d₃₃ 6	pC/N	Composition not stated	–	crystal-physics; x: a axis, perpendicular to a mirror plane; z: polar c axis; convention IRE-1949; +z: +c points out of the face that becomes negative on compression; equivalently it becomes positive on cooling (Weis & Gaylord 1985 pp. 192-193)	Weis & Gaylord, Applied Physics A 37 191-203 (1985) original: Smith & Welsh, J. Appl. Phys. 42, 2219 (1971)	Table 3, p. 198 (unit 1.0e-11 C/N)	P-comp
Crystal Technology, Inc. 1999 copies this set exactly. d33 = 6.0 is disfavoured by the hydrostatic d_h data.
d₁₅ 68, d₂₂ 21, d₃₁ −1, d₃₃ 6	pC/N	Composition not stated	–	crystal-physics; x: a axis, perpendicular to a mirror plane; z: polar c axis; convention IRE-1949; +z: +c points out of the face that becomes negative on compression; equivalently it becomes positive on cooling (Weis & Gaylord 1985 pp. 192-193)	Weis & Gaylord, Applied Physics A 37 191-203 (1985) original: Warner, Onoe, Coquin, JASA 42, 1223 (1967)	Table 3, p. 198	P-comp
d₁₅ 74, d₂₂ 21, d₃₁ −0.87, d₃₃ 16	pC/N	Composition not stated	–	crystal-physics; x: a axis, perpendicular to a mirror plane; z: polar c axis; convention IRE-1949; +z: +c points out of the face that becomes negative on compression; equivalently it becomes positive on cooling (Weis & Gaylord 1985 pp. 192-193)	Weis & Gaylord, Applied Physics A 37 191-203 (1985) original: Yamada, Niizeki, Toyoda, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 6, 151 (1967)	Table 3, p. 198	P-comp
d33 = 16 pC/N is ruled out by the hydrostatic d_h measurements.

Congruent LiNbO3 (CLN)SAW-grade congruent

d₁₅ 66.3805, d₂₂ 20.2979, d₃₁ −1.03662, d₃₃ 8.68973pC/N

conditions not stated; default record

Frame crystal-physics; x: a axis, perpendicular to a mirror plane; z: polar c axis; sign convention unstated; +z: not stated in this record; tensor form matches this frame by symmetry

Derived, not a published number. d15 66.4, d22 20.3, d31 -1.04, d33 8.7 pC/N. The hydrostatic d_h = 2 d31 + d33 from this set (about 6.6 pC/N) is within 5% of the measured 6.31 pC/N.

Kushibiki et al., IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 46 1315 (1999)derived: d = e s^E from the Kushibiki et al. 1999 e and c^E sets

Congruent LiNbO3 (CLN)

d₁₅ 69.2, d₂₂ 20.8, d₃₁ −0.85, d₃₃ 6pC/N

conditions not stated

Frame crystal-physics; x: a axis, perpendicular to a mirror plane; z: polar c axis; sign convention unstated; +z: not stated in this record; tensor form matches this frame by symmetry

Crystal Technology, Inc. (1999)

Composition not stated

P-comp

d₁₅ 69.2, d₂₂ 20.8, d₃₁ −0.85, d₃₃ 6pC/N

conditions not stated

Frame crystal-physics; x: a axis, perpendicular to a mirror plane; z: polar c axis; convention IRE-1949; +z: +c points out of the face that becomes negative on compression; equivalently it becomes positive on cooling (Weis & Gaylord 1985 pp. 192-193)

Crystal Technology, Inc. 1999 copies this set exactly. d33 = 6.0 is disfavoured by the hydrostatic d_h data.

Weis & Gaylord, Applied Physics A 37 191-203 (1985), Table 3, p. 198 (unit 1.0e-11 C/N)original: Smith & Welsh, J. Appl. Phys. 42, 2219 (1971)

Composition not stated

P-comp

d₁₅ 68, d₂₂ 21, d₃₁ −1, d₃₃ 6pC/N

conditions not stated

Weis & Gaylord, Applied Physics A 37 191-203 (1985), Table 3, p. 198original: Warner, Onoe, Coquin, JASA 42, 1223 (1967)

Composition not stated

P-comp

d₁₅ 74, d₂₂ 21, d₃₁ −0.87, d₃₃ 16pC/N

conditions not stated

d33 = 16 pC/N is ruled out by the hydrostatic d_h measurements.

Weis & Gaylord, Applied Physics A 37 191-203 (1985), Table 3, p. 198original: Yamada, Niizeki, Toyoda, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 6, 151 (1967)

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