lithium niobateLiNbO3
PPLN Λ = 6.82 µm · 1064 → 532 nm · 2 px/µm
lithium niobate / 04 Quirks

04 Quirks

Sections

Optical damage, pyroelectric charging, bias drift, green-induced infrared absorption, thermal drift, lithium loss: effects that degrade lithium niobate devices.

No.SectionKeywords
4.1Light that writes itself: photorefractionoptical damage, bulk photovoltaic current, space-charge field, dielectric relaxation
4.2Doping the damage out: MgO, Zn, In, Sc, Hf, ZrMgO threshold, photoconductivity, Nb antisite replacement, stoichiometry
4.3Photorefraction in thin films: rings and waveguidesresonance blue shift, cladding, trimming, cryogenic gratings
4.4Green light, infrared loss: GRIIRA, BLIIRA and polaronssmall polarons, Nb antisite trap, green-induced infrared absorption, gray track
4.5Optical damage thresholds: the intensity ladderphotorefraction, coloration, laser-induced breakdown, fluence vs intensity
4.6Pyroelectricity: charge from heatp3, bound surface charge, kilovolts from a bake, screening, z-cut vs x-cut
4.7DC bias drift in modulatorsMaxwell-Wagner relaxation, cladding, LN-metal interface, TFLT
4.8Thermal effects: thermo-optic shifts, thermal lenses, ring bistabilitydn/dT, thermal lens, thermal triangle, athermal rings
4.9Lithium out-diffusionLi2O loss, out-diffused guides, Ti indiffusion, domain inversion
4.10Fabrication pitfalls: practitioner noteshotplate charging, e-beam discharge layers, hard masks, fast −c etch
4.1Photorefractionoptical damage, bulk photovoltaic current, space-charge field, dielectric relaxation4.2Damage-resistant dopingMgO threshold, photoconductivity, Nb antisite replacement, stoichiometry4.3Thin-film photorefractionresonance blue shift, cladding, trimming, cryogenic gratings4.4GRIIRA and polaronssmall polarons, Nb antisite trap, green-induced infrared absorption, gray track4.5Damage thresholdsphotorefraction, coloration, laser-induced breakdown, fluence vs intensity4.6Pyroelectricityp3, bound surface charge, kilovolts from a bake, screening, z-cut vs x-cut4.7DC bias driftMaxwell-Wagner relaxation, cladding, LN-metal interface, TFLT4.8Thermal effectsdn/dT, thermal lens, thermal triangle, athermal rings4.9Li out-diffusionLi2O loss, out-diffused guides, Ti indiffusion, domain inversion4.10Fabrication pitfallshotplate charging, e-beam discharge layers, hard masks, fast −c etch

Motifs

MotifWherePhysicsSection
Cursor traceVISUAL, effects on: the pointer leaves a fading green tracelight writes an index change that decays with the dielectric relaxation time4.1 Photorefraction
Infrared dimmingVISUAL, effects on: false-color infrared marks dim near the pointergreen light fills Nb antisite traps whose polarons absorb infrared light4.4 GRIIRA
Bias meterfooter, VISUAL: the operating point walks; click to re-lockmobile charge screens the DC bias; layered RC relaxation4.7 DC bias drift

The motifs use display time constants (15 s trace, 40 s drift), not material values.